Academic Research

Crawford, I. (2022, July 15). How much CO2 is emitted by manufacturing batteries? | MIT Climate Portal. MIT Climate Portal. https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-much-co2-emitted-manufacturing-batteries

International Energy Agency. (2022, September). Electricity Sector – Analysis – IEA. IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-sector

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Electric Vehicle Benefits and Considerations. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_benefits.html

IRS. (n.d.). Credits for New Electric Vehicles Purchased in 2022 or Before | Internal Revenue Service. Internal Revenue Service | An Official Website of the United States Government. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/credits-for-new-electric-vehicles-purchased-in-2022-or-before

International Renewable Energy Agency. (2021, March 16). Fast-Track Energy Transitions  to Win the Race to Zero. IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/news/pressreleases/2021/mar/fast-track-energy-transitions–to-win-the-race-to-zero

IRENA (2022), World Energy Transitions Outlook 2022: 1.5°C Pathway, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/mar/world-energy-transitions-outlook-2022

International Energy Agency. (2022a, May 18). Critical minerals threaten a decades-long trend of cost declines for clean energy technologies – Analysis – IEA. IEA. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/critical-minerals-threaten-a-decades-long-trend-of-cost-declines-for-clean-energy-technologies

Sud, R., & Patnaik, S. (2022, September 28). How does permitting for clean energy infrastructure work? Brookings; Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-does-permitting-for-clean-energy-infrastructure-work/

IRENA (2020), Green Hydrogen: A guide to policy making, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Nov/IRENA_Green_hydrogen_policy_2020.pdf

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2015, September 22). A Glimpse into Hydrogen & Transportation | US EPA. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/glimpse-hydrogen-transportation

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-b). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/fuel_cell.html#:~:text=Fuel%20cell%20electric%20vehicles%20(FCEVs,water%20vapor%20and%20warm%20air

International Renewable Energy Agency. (2021a, March 16). Fast-Track Energy Transitions  to Win the Race to Zero. IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/news/pressreleases/2021/mar/fast-track-energy-transitions–to-win-the-race-to-zero

H.R.776 – 102nd Congress (1991-1992): Energy Policy Act of 1992. (1992, October 24). https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/776

California Air Resources Board. (n.d.). Hydrogen Fueling Overview | DriveClean. DriveClean | Clean Car Buying Guide. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://driveclean.ca.gov/hydrogen-fueling#:~:text=While%20the%20current%20price%20of,more%20efficient%20than%20gasoline%20engines.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2021, May 27). Space Applications of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells | NASA. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/content/space-applications-of-hydrogen-and-fuel-cells

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. (n.d.). Home | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. Home | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://h2fcp.org/

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.). Hydrogen Storage | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage

California Energy Commission. (n.d.). Hydrogen Refueling Stations in California. California Energy Commission. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics/hydrogen-refueling#:~:text=Currently%20five%20Light%2DDuty%20Open,and%20Mountain%20View%20are%20TNO

California Energy Commission. (n.d.-a). Electric Vehicle Chargers in California. California Energy Commission. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics/electric-vehicle

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. (n.d.-a). Cost to refill | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. Home | Hydrogen Fuel Cell Partnership. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://h2fcp.org/content/cost-refill

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-c). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Renewable Diesel. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/renewable_diesel.html#:~:text=Renewable%20diesel%2C%20previously%20known%20as,alkyl%20ester%20produced%20via%20transesterification

Kelly, Kenneth, and Adam Ragatz. 2018. Economy and Emissions Impacts from Solazyme Fuel in UPS Delivery Vehicles. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-5400-68896.  https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy18osti/68896.pdf

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.). How Does Solar Work? | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/how-does-solar-work

National Geographic. (2009, October 9). Solar Power Information and Facts. Environment; National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/solar-power?loggedin=true&rnd=1681939976091

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.-a). Community Solar Basics | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/community-solar-basics

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.-c). Solar Soft Costs Basics | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/solar-soft-costs-basics

U.S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). How many homes can an average wind turbine power? | U.S. Geological Survey. USGS.Gov | Science for a Changing World. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-many-homes-can-average-wind-turbine-power

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (n.d.). Wind Energy Basics | NREL. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Home Page | NREL. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.nrel.gov/research/re-wind.html

American Clean Power. (n.d.). Wind Power Facts and Statistics | ACP. ACP; Retrieved June 16, 2023, from  https://cleanpower.org/facts/wind-power/

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.-a). Advantages and Challenges of Wind Energy | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/advantages-and-challenges-wind-energy

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (2022, October 17). Carbon Rivers Makes Wind Turbine Blade Recycling and Upcycling a Reality With Support From DOE | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/articles/carbon-rivers-makes-wind-turbine-blade-recycling-and-upcycling-reality-support#:~:text=Glass%20fibers%20are%20a%20key,carbon%20fiber%20composite%20by%20weight

Cal OES. (2019, April). California Fire Service and Rescue Emergency Mutual Aid System. Cal OES. https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/Fire-Rescue/Documents/CalOES_-_Fire_and_Rescue_-_Strike_Team_Leader_Manual.pdf

California Energy Commission. (2019, January). Fuel Set-Aside Program. California Energy Commission. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-02/2019_FSAP_QA_Factsheet_0_ada.pdf

California Energy Commission. (n.d.-c). Petroleum Fuels Set-Aside Program. California Energy Commission. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://www.energy.ca.gov/rules-and-regulations/state-energy-management/response-energy-emergencies-california/petroleum

California Energy Commission. (2004, April). LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY PLANNING HANDBOOK. California Energy Commission. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-06/2004-03-11_GOV_EMRGNCY_HNDB.PDF

National Association of State Energy Officials. (2016, September 29). Fuel Response Options to a Catastrophic Event. California Energy Commission. https://www.naseo.org/Data/Sites/1/schremp-2.pdf

Fuel Relief Fund. (n.d.). Fuel Relief Fund | Fuel Saves Lives. Fuel Relief Fund | Fuel Saves Lives. Retrieved June 16, 2023, from https://fuelrelieffund.org/

Office of Governor. (2022, November 16). California Releases World’s First Plan to Achieve Net Zero Carbon Pollution – California Governor. California Governor. https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/11/16/california-releases-worlds-first-plan-to-achieve-net-zero-carbon-pollution/

Michael Jerrett, Amir S. Jina, Miriam E. Marlier, Up in smoke: California’s greenhouse gas reductions could be wiped out by 2020 wildfires, Environmental Pollution, Volume 310, 2022, 119888, ISSN 0269-7491, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119888.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749122011022)

California Energy Commission. (2022, October 26). California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2020 . California Energy Commission. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/inventory/2000-2020_ghg_inventory_trends.pdf

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2015b, September 22). A Glimpse into Hydrogen & Transportation | US EPA. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/glimpse-hydrogen-transportation

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-f). Where the Energy Goes: Electric Cars. Fuel Economy. Retrieved June 21, 2023, from https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv-ev.shtml

California Air Resources Board. (n.d.-a). Cleaner Burning Gasoline: An Update | California Air Resources Board. Homepage | California Air Resources Board. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/cleaner-burning-gasoline-update#:~:text=All%20gasoline%20sold%20in%20California

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.). Use of gasoline – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Homepage – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/gasoline/use-of-gasoline.php

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2015, August 25). Gasoline and Diesel Advanced Technology Vehicles | US EPA. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/gasoline-and-diesel-advanced-technology-vehicles

California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. (n.d.). Use Fuel Tax Guide. CDTFA – CA Department of Tax and Fee Administration. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/taxes-and-fees/use-fuel-tax.htm

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.-a). Gasoline and the environment – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Homepage – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/gasoline/gasoline-and-the-environment.php#:~:text=Gasoline%20use%20contributes%20to%20air%20pollution&text=The%20vapors%20given%20off%20when,carbon%20dioxide%2C%20a%20greenhouse%20gas.

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.-f). Where the Energy Goes: Gasoline Vehicles. Fuel Economy. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtml

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2015a, July 24). Learn About Impacts of Diesel Exhaust and the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) | US EPA. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/dera/learn-about-impacts-diesel-exhaust-and-diesel-emissions-reduction-act-dera#:~:text=Environment%20%2D%20Emissions%20from%20diesel%20engines,%2C%20produce%2C%20meat%20and%20fish.

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. (n.d.-c). Diesel Vehicles. Fuel Economy. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/di_diesels.shtml#:~:text=Diesel%20engines%20are%20more%20fuel,fuel%20than%20their%20gasoline%20counterparts.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2015b, August 25). Gasoline and Diesel Advanced Technology Vehicles | US EPA. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/gasoline-and-diesel-advanced-technology-vehicles

California Energy Commission. (n.d.-a). Diesel Fuel Data, Facts, and Statistics. California Energy Commission. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/transportation-energy/diesel-fuel-data-facts-and-statistics#:~:text=Diesel%20fuel%20is%20the%20second,including%20offroad%20diesel%2C%20was%20sold.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2015a, April 10). Diesel Fuel Standards and Rulemakings | US EPA. US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/diesel-fuel-standards/diesel-fuel-standards-and-rulemakings#:~:text=EPA%20began%20regulating%20diesel%20fuel,low%20sulfur%20diesel%20(ULSD).

California Air Resources Board. (n.d.-a). California Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel Fact Sheet | California Air Resources Board. Homepage | California Air Resources Board. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/california-low-sulfur-diesel-fuel-fact-sheet

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.-a). Diesel fuel and the environment – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Homepage – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/diesel-fuel/diesel-and-the-environment.php

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-c). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol.html#:~:text=Ethanol%20is%20a%20renewable%20fuel,ethanol%2C%2090%25%20gasoline

Sarisky-Reed, V. (n.d.). Ethanol vs. Petroleum-Based Fuel Carbon Emissions  | Department of Energy. Energy.Gov. Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/articles/ethanol-vs-petroleum-based-fuel-carbon-emissions

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-e). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Production. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol_production.html

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-a). Alternative Fuels Data Center: E85 (Flex Fuel). EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol_e85.html

U.S. Department of Energy. (2022, August). Ethanol Blends: Providing a  Renewable Fuel Choice. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/82231.pdf

Renewable Fuels Association (RFA). (n.d.). Ethanol Tax Policy. Renewable Fuels Association (RFA). Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://ethanolrfa.org/policy/tax-policy

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-f). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Laws and Incentives in Federal. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/laws/ETH?state=US

U.S. EPA. Biofuels and the Environment: Third Triennial Report to Congress (External Review Draft). EPA/600/R-22/273, 2022. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/biofuels/recordisplay.cfm?deid=353055

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.-f). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Fuel Basics. EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page. Retrieved August 23, 2023, from https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol_fuel_basics.html#:~:text=Ethanol%20contains%20less%20energy%20per,energy%20than%20gasoline%20per%20gallon